The contribution of soil and water conservation to. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the western and eastern highlands. Conserved land by soil and water conservation measures. In the 1970s, the derg regime bypassed ethiopia s traditional community. We hope this article will help bridge the impasse that currently divides the academic community about how to regard the church forests of the eotc. Soil degradation is a global environmental problem which started since the innovation of agriculture by human kind. Fieldwork and household survey were conducted to identify major determinants of soil erosion. Fanya juu soil conservation structure on selected soil. Sustainable land management project has been a long time partner of ethiopia government in its fight against land degradation and improvement of livelihood through. Research report soil conservation research project no. However, the wildlife tourism and conservation practices are still at low attention.
Among multifactors that hampered the economic development of the country are severe soil erosion and low agricultural production and productivity. Oct 26, 2015 by kumara wakjira, ethiopia, elp 2015 written on october 26, 2015. Impact of physical soil and water conservation structure. Effect of soil and water conservation measures and challenges. The guidelines for development agents on soil conservation in ethiopia has been in use for 30 years. Pdf farm households decision to invest in soil and. The conservation biology discourse around 21,000 dry afromontane forest fragments remain in the northern highlands of ethiopia, ranging in size from 3 to 300 hectares. The contribution of soil and water conservation to sustainable livelihoods in semiarid areas of subsaharan africa edited by charlotte boyd and cathryn turton with n. Although indigenous swc techniques date back to 400 bc, institutionalized swc activity in ethiopia became significant only after the 1970s. Guidelines for development agents on soil and water conservation in ethiopia this introductory chapter describes the aim of this book and how it can be used in the field when you carry out soil and water conservation.
Aletawendo district is one the 19 districts of sidama zone where soil and water conservation swc practices have been promoted during the last four decades. However, the level of adoption of swcs by farmers is not. This is the implementation completion report icr for the smallscale irrigation andsoil conservation project in ethiopia. Reconciling conservation and investment in the gambella omo. Interventions were taken by introducing soil and water conservation practices.
The findings suggest that ethiopia should build on its existing system of governance by increasing the accountability of service providers to beneficiaries, and by encouraging communities to engage as active partners in service delivery. In order to keep the land productive, a good conservation program is imperative. Methods for sustaining soil and water conservation measures in ethiopia. Pdf community attitudes towards wildlife conservation in. Farmers perception of soil erosion and adoption of soil. Investments in land conservation in the ethiopian highlands. Ethiopia mengie belayneh, alemayehu abera, gashahun tadesse lecturers at department of geography and environmental studies, faculty of social sciences and humanities, mettu university, mettu, ethiopia abstract this study was aimed to assess soil degradation and conservation practices in darimu and chewaka woredas of illu ababora zone. In the last two decades, various soil and water conservation interventions had been introduced in to different parts of ethiopia. A case study in the denku microwatershed oromia region, submitted for the masters degree in human ecology to the college of agriculture and environmental sciences. Soil degradation is one of the crucial issues in mountainous areas of ethiopia which needs efforts to reduce it.
Abstract soil erosion by water constitutes a threat to the maintenance of the subsistence living of the ethiopian rural population. One third of the worlds agricultural soils, or roughly 2 billion hectares of land, was reported as being affected by soil. Regarding the treatment of gullies, which are a serious environmental and social problem in the highlands of ethiopia, researchers recommend to give priority to gullies on the valley bottom, to start treatment before gullies become severe, to improve the design of diversion canals above gully heads, and to work with local communities to reclaim gullies. Financial viability of soil and water conservation technologies in northwestern ethiopian highlands. This document defines the current status of, pressures on, options for, and priority action to ensure the conservation, sustainable use, and equitable share of. Ethiopia is among the sub saharan belt countries with degradation problem. Modeling the effect of three soil and water conservation. The objective of this study is to evaluate different swc practices in the northwestern highlands of ethiopia using various qualitative criteria and weightings based on ecological. Sep 07, 2015 soil erosion and conservation in ethiopia. Soil degradation in the highlands is caused primarily by soil erosion. As a party to the convention and in fulfillment of its obligation, ethiopia has prepared its nbsap document. Ethiopia secretariat of the convention on biological diversity. Determination of conservation benefits and carbon sequestration potential of the simien mountains national park, ethiopia population, health and environment ethiopia consortium pheec by habtamu assaye lecturer, bahir dar university financed by the scip fund.
Assessment of adoption behavior of soil and water conservation practices in the koga watershed, highlands of ethiopia a thesis presented to the faculty of the graduate school. Ethiopian wildlife conservation authority policy and. The beginning of the modern wildlife conservation movement in ethiopia back in the 1960s laid down a foundation for the birth of modern concepts of nature and natural resource conservation, including the thought of cultural conservation in the country. Therefore, a massive effort is being made in soil conservation by.
National policy on natural resources and the environment english abstract. The history of modern wildlife conservation in ethiopia. Land management, erosion problems and soil and water conservation in finchaa watershed, western ethiopia. Soil and water conservation is the basis of such a program, and also helps improve land impoverished by erosion and overusemakes it more productive so that it can support more people. Deforestation, accelerated soil erosion, and land degradation are serious problems in ethiopia. Soil degradation is evident in the mountainous areas of ethiopia, is often represented as results of human pressure. Ethiopian wildlife conservation authority policy and strategy, proclamation and. Determinant factors affecting crop production and adoption. Ethiopian wildlife conservation authority policy and strategy. Metu district by tekalign negash terefe paper submitted to indira gandhi national open university ignou, department of rural development in partial fulfillment of the.
The joint programme aims to strengthen intercultural dialogue and promote culturalnatural heritage to foster socioeconomic development, by revising and improving cultural policy frameworks, favoring the development of culturalcreative industries, and incorporating. Soil conservation experiments on cultivated lands in the maybar area, wello region, ethiopia. The ethiopian orthodox tewahedo church forests and. Farmers perception on the role of vetiver grass in soil and water conservation in south western ethiopia. This report evaluates the state of the natural resources, the environment and the development in ethiopia, and examines the interconnected causes and effects of the existing situation. Introduction the ethiopian highlands cover 40 percent of ethiopia s land mass, but account for about 95 percent of all cultivated land. Land degradation is a major concern in ethiopia since it leads to declining agricultural productivity, poverty and food insecurity. Mowo1 and kidist hilemichael ethiopian institute of agricultural research, p. Abstract the study was conducted to investigate farmers perception of soil erosion, participation and adoption of soil conservation technologies swc in geshy subcatchment of gojeb river catchment, omogibe basin, ethiopia during 2016. Pdf soil and water conservation in tigray northern. Dr liz watsons twin interests in development issues and in the history, culture and politics of africa have come together in an indepth, ethnographic study of the landscape and people of konso, in southern ethiopia. Research results published regarding the impact of soil and water conservation practices in the highland areas of ethiopia have been inconsistent and scattered. Governments and development agencies have invested substantial resources to promote.
Since then, physical and biological soil and water conservation swc measures have been introduced in more than 3,000 watersheds that are managed by local communities. Box 2003, addis ababa, ethiopia 1world agroforestry centre, p. The economy of ethiopia has prospered for many years on agricultural products but currently, the country expands to industrialization and service providing for additional incomes. Severe land degradation affects the livelihood of many farmers in the highlands of tigray, northern ethiopia. Longterm indigenous soil conservation technology in the. These soils are formed from volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for rainfed agriculture. Soil and water conservation in ethiopia hurni h, berhe wa, chadhokar p, daniel d, gete z, grunder m, kassaye g. The impact of soil and water conservation for improved agricultural production in ethiopia. Ethiopia to estimate the soil losses by means of the revised universal soil loss 5 equation rusle. Pdf challenges to national park conservation and management. Pdf the role of agronomic practices on soil and water. Thesis paper on farmers perception on the role of vg for swc. Ethiopia where there is high land degradation in the region and also where lost of conservation measures have been conducted. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objectives of identifying factors influencing farmers decisions on the use of introduced soil and water conservation practices in the lowland areas of wonago woreda is, gedeo zone, and south nation nationality people regional state of ethiopia.
Mohammed g, yan denghua, wang h, basaznew a, mersha c, genanew a. However, ethiopian farmers have long been aware of soil erosion problems and devised techniques to halt soil erosion and to conserve land. Abstract there are many factors that hinder the economic development of ethiopia. Community attitudes toward wildlife and protected areas in ethiopia. A gis based slope analysis for recommended soil and water. Opportunities and challenges for wildlife conservation. A household plotlevel analysis of the roles of poverty, tenure security, and market inventives genanew bekele and alemu mekonnen abstract land degradation is a major problem undermining land productivity in the highlands of ethiopia. The impact of soil and water conservation for improved agricultural production in ethiopia semu arayaselassie abebe semu arayaselassie abebe. Factors influencing the adoption of soil and water.
The article contains information about the traditional soil conservation practices, the reasons for intervention with traditional soil conservation technologies, the historical background of instutionalized soil conservation activities, the institutional. Dubale said that soils in ethiopia are inherently fertile, but has been. Ethiopia smallscale irrigation and soil conservation project english abstract. Factors influencing farmers decision on the use of introduced. Impacts of soil and water conservation practices on.
Methods for sustaining soil and water conservation measures. Farmers participation in soil and water conservation. Assessment of sustainable watershed management approach case study lenche dima, tsegur eyesus and dijjil watershed a project paper presented to the faculty of the graduate school of cornell university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of professional studies by tesfaye habtamu may 2011. The effects of fanya juu soil conservation structure on. Factors affecting adoption of soil and water conservation. A gis based slope analysis for recommended soil and water conservation techniques in sekela district, amhara state, ethiopia abineh tilahun1 and bogale teferie2 1department of geography and environmental studies, adigrat university, ethiopia. Conservation efforts languished under the marxistled dergue government. Addis ababa, ethiopia abstract soil conservation in ethiopia is considered today to be of top priority, not only to maintain and improve agricultural production but also to achieve food selfsufficiency, which is the longterm objective of the agricultural development programme. Soil erosion studies in northern ethiopia springerlink. Almost 88 percent of its human population lives there, with 70. The case study was commis sioned by giz and carried out by the centre for development and environment cde and the water and land resource centre wlrc from january to july 2014. For effective conservation of soil and water, we must treat and use the.
Various soil and water conservation practices have been proposed to reduce land degradation and to improve the quality of the natural resource base but quantitative information on their agroecological effects is often lacking. The purpose of this paper is to identify erosion spot areas and target locations for appropriate development of soil and water conservation measures. Soil erosion soil and water science university of florida. However, the strict focus on soil erosion and conservation does not necessarily lead to satisfactory results. Perception of farmers toward physical soil and water conservation structures in wyebla watershed, northwest ethiopia simeneh demissie walie gambella university, p. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion and nutrient depletion presents a threat to food security and undermining land productivity in the highlands of ethiopia. To overcome these problems, efforts have been made to launch.
Mission undertake study and research on the proper conservation of ethiopias biodiversity and. What, then, does it mean to conserve and display an archaeological site, especially when what is seen was never. Impacts of soil and water conservation practices on crop. Effects of integrated soil and water conservation measures on soil aggregate stability, soil organic matter and soil organic carbon stock of smallholder farm lands in the semiarid, northern ethiopia. Makumbib a contributing authors for tanzania case study. Ethiopia is blessed with water resources, but the irony of drought, famine, and water related preventable diseases in the land of plenty is a mind boggling and bitter fact we have become used to. Determinant factors affecting crop production and adoption of soil and water conservation practices in semein mountain national park, ethiopia. At least six national swcrelated programs have been. National biodiversity strategy and action plan nbsap by each signatory country. The main objectives of the project were to increase food production in areas that are vulnerable to drought by emphasizing irrigation.
Andrea molnar, swedish embassy, ethiopia by emelie cesar and anders ekbom at sidas. The soils of ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. I hereby declare that the dissertation, soil erosion, deforestation and rural livelihoods in the central rift valley area of ethiopia. The article shows results of an international and interdisciplinary project with the title rainfall and its erosivity in ethiopia. Construction of soil conservation structures for improvement of crops and soil productivity in the southern ethiopia abay ayalew email. Construction of soil conservation structures for improvement.
Aia site preservation program heritage, conservation, and archaeology added, what is modifiedis the concrete expression of a critical judgment thus formed in the course of this process. The national science and technology policy, in its natural resources development and environmental protection section, aims to promote the conservation of. The impact of soil and water conservation for improved. Economics of land degradation eld ethiopia case study. Land management, erosion problems and soil and water. Pdf soil and water conservation in ethiopia guidelines. It can be improved through different soil and water conservation swc measures.
In ethiopia, soil erosion is a severe problem and a major cause of the decline of agricultural productivity. Frontiers evaluation of soil and water conservation. The study was carried out in the wyebla watershed, northwestern ethiopia. Risk preferences as determinants of soil conservation. Indigenous soil and water conservation in africa introduction many parts of africa are experiencing annual population growth rates between 2 and 4 %, degradation of the natural resource base, recurrent droughts and a growing dependence on food aid as well as the import of cereals to cover food deficits.
Past efforts at soil and water conservation swc did not bring a. According to a recently published report of the world bank, estimates of freshwater per capita1 of ethiopia for the year 2000 was 1711 cubic meters. Pdf effects of integrated soil and water conservation. Determinants of adoption of soil and water conservation. Soil and water conservation in tigray northern ethiopia. Ethiopia is known for its historic agriculture, but also for the associated, widespread, and ongoing land degradation. Reconciling conservation and investment in the lower omo valley kuraz development projectno initial consultation key wildlife areas and corridors included in the project command area ewa laimed the key habitats, based on the report entitled existing challenges. Pdf 32 a history of soil and water conservation in tigray.
This revised edition of the guidelines for development agents on soil and water conservation in ethiopia is more than timely. Ethiopia smallscale irrigation and soil conservation. Soil and water conservation in ethiopia springerlink. Ethiopia environmental and climate change policy brief sidas. History of land conservation efforts in ethiopia massive land rehabilitation and conservation effort have been implemented since mid. Influence of soil erosion and conservation practices on. Many efforts have been made in ethiopia to mitigate land degradation, particularly soil erosion, through both local and newly introduced soil and water conservation swc practices. Factors influencing the adoption of soil and water conservation technologies. Ethiopian wildlife conservation authority ewca is the primary government institution for the wildlife protection on the ground and the enforcement of wildlife. Eight in situ conservation sites are under establishment to conserve enset, durum wheat, tef, coffee, medicinal plants and forest plant species.
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